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Slide 1 of 99

String Theory

A Theory of Everything

By Donald Leung

Contents

  1. Special and General Relativity (approx. 3 mins)
  2. Quantum Mechanics and Wave-particle Duality (approx. 3 mins)
  3. String Theory and M-theory (approx. 4 mins)
  4. Spinoff: Hyperdimensionality and God (approx. 5 mins)
  5. Credits

Special and General Relativity

Background History

Special Relativity: Some Basic Concepts

Figure 1.1: Flat Spacetime

General Relativity: Some Basic Concepts

Figure 1.2: A star causing a dent in spacetime - this is gravity

Similarities between Special and General Relativity

In case you haven't noticed, both of them deal with physics phenomena on a very large scale. These two theories seem to totally break down on the subatomic scale.

And this is where quantum mechanics comes in.

Quantum Mechanics

Background History

Some Basic Concepts

As you zoom out of the subatomic scale, the probabilities average out so classical physics hold true on a large scale.

Double-Slit Experiment

  • An experiment devised to demonstrate the wave-particle duality nature of subatomic particles
  • Also known as Young's Experiment

First, a laser beam is shot at a plate containing 2 parallel slits. The light passing through the slits are observed on a screen behind the plate.

We find out that:

  1. The light passing through the two slits interfere with each other - suggesting that light is a wave
  2. However, when observed, each photon (light particle) passes through 1 slit only - suggesting that light is comprised of particles

Figure 2.1: Double-Slit Experiment

Problem

These two theories have been proven time to time to be mutually incompatible, but both of them are completely valid!

String Theory and M-Theory: the Theory of Everything

Background History

Aims of String Theory

Some Basic Concepts

M-Theory and "Pea Brains"

Since there are 5 string theories (hardly a unified theory, right?), M-theory is the theory that attempts to unify all 5 different string theories.

M-theory suggests that different-dimensional branes exist. For example, strings (1-branes) are one type of brane that exist, but there are also 2-branes, 3-branes and so on, up to 5-branes. The general term for all such branes are p-branes (read as "pea brains") where p is the dimension of the brane.

Figure 3.1: Membranes (2-branes) and Strings (1-branes) are just two of many types of p-branes

Prerequisites of String/M-Theory

An important prerequisite (i.e. assumption) of this theory is that there must be at least 6 other spatial dimensions that are unobservable on top of the 3 spatial dimensions and 1 time dimension that we can easily observe.

Choose ...

Please choose an option to continue.

Go to Spinoff Skip to Credits

Spinoff - Hyperdimensionality and God

God - A Hyperdimensional Being?

Before we continue, let us see what the Christian Bible says about the properties of God.

God is:

  1. Omnipotent
  2. Omniscient
  3. Omnipresent

Apart from that, the universe cannot contain Him.

Demonstration of Omniscience

Figure 4.1: A Two-Dimensional World. The rectangle is Mr. Flat and the triangle is Mrs. Flat.

Demonstration of Omnipresence

Look at the whiteboard and presenter!

"The Universe cannot contain Him"

Look at the whiteboard and presenter!

Credits

Special and General Relativity

Quantum Mechanics

String and M-Theory

Images

... and much, much more! I basically copied all my images from the Internet :p

Software

Slidex by Donald Leung. MIT Licensed.

Thank you for listening!

Alternate Versions

  1. Google Slides
  2. LaTeX Version
  3. Scratch Version (for fun only)

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